Entry : Entry through the soil beneath the structure of building, they can enter though a gap 1/64th inch in building.
Ideal Environment : Dump, dark and moist soil, soil rich in organic matters like wood barks, roots etc.
Types : Over 2300 species are found in termite, among which cryptotermes macrotermes, odontotermes are main species.
Reproduction : The Queen is the only reproductive caste, the reproduction is at its pace during May to August, a single pair can 2500000 to 10000000 offspring.
Damages Caused : Destroy the building structure and cause diseases like infection allergy and asthma.
Preventive Measures : Anti termite treatment at pre and post construction stages recommended.
Treatment : Treatment with approved TERMITICIDE can give protection up to ten years depending on the soil condition and structure.
Entry: Any open area in house or building like windows, balcony, holes or cracks in floor etc are entry medium for them, transport mediums like vehicles are also an entry medium for them.
Ideal Environment: Dump and dark places like borrows sewers and places close to their food source like food grain storage area, colonies provide habitats for rodents.
Types: There are basically two types of rats black or roof rats and Norway or borrow rats.
Reproduction: A single pair of male & female in normal condition attains sexual maturity in 6 to 08 weeks and produces on an average 800 youngsters in their life cycle.
Damages Caused : Rats are associated with more than 200 pathogenic organisms (viruses, bacteria, fungi, worms, and arthropods) and so for more than 36 communicable diseases are being known to be transmitted by them including disease transmission like bubonic plague, leptosporosis, etc.
Preventive Measures :1. INSPECTION 2. SANITATION 3. EXCLUSION 4. POPULATION REDUCTION/ACTUAL CONTROL
Treatment :The control measure will be carried out by integrating all possible techniques like, burrow fumigation, trapping and poison baiting depending on the infestation level and feasibility of the establishment.
Entry : Through windows, doors, utility opening, exhaust, electrical opening.
Ideal Environment : Warm, well ventilated and dark primises
Reproduction : Through eggs, individually after attaining sexual maturity in specially prepared homes.
Damages Caused : Spoil Food Grains. Pollute roofs and other areas.
Treatment : Bird Nets, Spikes, Bird Control Wires, Bird Repellent
Entry: OLD stationery, CLOTHS, SCARP YARD, POORLY MAINTAINED PREMISES.
Ideal Environment: DARK, HUMID.
Types: SILVERFISH, BLACK FLIES, RED ANTS, BLACK ANTS, SPIDERS, MITES ETC.
Reproduction: SPP. DIFFER IN THEIR BIOLOGY AND MULTIPLICATION.
Damages Caused: Allergies and pathogenic transmission.
Preventive Measures: GOOD HYGIENE AND SANITATION.
Treatment: SPACE SPRAYING WITH PYRETHRUM / PROPUXOR.
Entry: Any open medium like doors, windows, balconies, and food items are entry mediums for the flies.
Ideal Environment : Dark, moist, decaying, poor sanitation and disposal of organic garbage provide the ideal environment.
Types : Flies which are the most dangerous and are popularly known as house flies, because of their close association with a man by affecting human.
Reproduction: After 30 hrs of emergence, female mosquito, which is monogamous, starts laying eggs, mainly in DECAYING ORGANIC MATTER, the dung of domestic animal and birds, garbage, open sewerage, decaying live matter etc. Each female lays around 120 to 150 eggs per laying and total eggs laying varies from 600 TO 900 numbers and the total life cycle is completed in 25 to35 days. A single Pair of mated flies could produce no less than 23,200,000,000 eggs in single Summer.
Damages Caused : Flies carry many pathogens (viruses, bacteria, protozoa a, helminthes eggs etc) and transmit diseases like Cholera conjunctivitis, Diarrhea etc., including eye diseases like myasis, infection to skin and wound.
Preventive Measures: Improved environmental sanitation, i.e. good housekeeping, proper handling and disposal of organic garbage like canteen waste, dead animals etc.
Treatment : ANTIMAGGOTS, BAITING, TARPPING, SPACE SAPARYNG, FOGGING
Entry: More than 18 entry spaces, any open area in house or building like windows, balcony, etc., are entry medium for them, transport medium like vehicles are also an entry medium for them.
Ideal Environment: Mosquitoes breed in water, so any still water, water bodies like ponds, pits dug and moist and dark places provide an ideal environment for mosquitoes.
Types: Around 3100 species of mosquitoes are known, among them Ades, Culex, Anophelene are most commonly known.
Reproduction: Female mosquito requires a blood meal to lay eggs in water and the transformation from egg to mosquito takes a time of 8 to 11 days, this cycle consists of several stages which are an egg, larva, pupa & mosquito.
Damages Caused: Malaria, Dengue, filariasis, chikungunya along with other diseases.
Preventive Measures: Keep your surroundings clean and dry regularly, apply waste oil in wastewater deposits. Public education can play an important role in preventing the growth of mosquitoes.
Treatment : Weekly anti larva, space spraying, thermal fogging, biological control, minor engineering etc.
Entry: Grocery, Packaging, Laundry, Sewage Pipes, drainage, air duct vents etc.
Ideal Environment: Human habitats provide an ideal environment for the cockroaches, any eatables left in the kitchen with preference to starch and sugar serves as food to them.
Types : Over 3500 species are known but only four are found in our, homes. These species are GERMAN, AMERICAN, ORIENTAL, BROWN BANDED.
Reproduction : 4 to 8 eggs case/female with 30 to 40 eggs per oothica, nymph to adult-60 clays and after attaining sexual maturity, 50% population is female, a single female can produce almost 1,00,000 young ones in a year.
Damages Caused : DYSENTERY, DIARRHOEA, GASTROENTERITIS TYPHOID, CHOLERA, PNEUMONIA, DIPTHERIA TUBERCULOSIS. LEPROSY, HEPATITIS.
Preventive Measures: ENVIRONMENT MODIFICATION-DENY FOOD, WATER, AND SHELTER to cockroaches by keeping surroundings clean and properly dispose off the garbage.
Treatment : Sprays, Herbal Gel and smokers.
Entry : Entry through the soil beneath the structure of building, they can enter though a gap 1/64th inch in building.
Ideal Environment : Dump, dark and moist soil, soil rich in organic matters like wood barks, roots etc.
Types : Over 2300 species are found in termite, among which Cryptotermes macrotermes, odontotermes are main species.
Reproduction: The Queen is the only reproductive caste, the reproduction is at its pace during May to August, a single pair can 2500000 to 10000000 offspring.
Damages Caused: Destroy the building structure and cause diseases like infection allergy and asthma.
Preventive Measures: Anti termite treatment at pre and post construction stages recommended.
Treatment: Treatment with approved TERMITICIDE can give protection up to ten years depending on the soil condition and structure.
